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Question #18

Frederick Douglass wrote many other books and speeches, and many people have written about his life and times.

What else would you like to learn about Frederick Douglass?

Are there any words that you are unsure about?

You can always list unknown words here.

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Think about what strategies worked (and didn't work) for you this time. How can you do well next time?

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Chapter 11

Text of Book

Chapter 11, page 1

Chapter 11, page 2

Chapter 11, page 3

Chapter 11, page 4

Chapter 11, page 5

Chapter 11, page 6

Chapter 11, page 7

Chapter 11, page 8

Chapter 11, page 9

Chapter 11, page 10

Chapter 11, page 11

Chapter 11, page 12

Chapter 11, page 13

Chapter 11, page 14

Questions

1) What is this chapter mainly about?

2) Which two reasons does Frederick Douglass give for not sharing all the details of his escape?

3) What does "enlightening" mean in both cases in the quote below?

"They do nothing towards enlightening the slave, whilst they do much towards enlightening the master."

4) Frederick Douglas writes "I would keep the merciless slaveholder profoundly ignorant of the means of flight adopted by the slave."

What does "adopted" mean in this context?

5) In the same quote as the last question (below), what does the phrase "profoundly ignorant" mean?

"I would keep the merciless slaveholder profoundly ignorant of the means of flight adopted by the slave."

6) What did it show Frederick Douglass when he was paid six cents from the six dollars he earned?

7) When Frederick Douglass hires out his own time.

How much did Master Hugh calculate he owed him each week?

8) What does the word "ground" mean in the sentence below?

"The ground for his refusal was a failure on my part, one Saturday night, to pay him for my week's time."

9) Frederick Douglass thought that even more people want to escape slavery, but one thing kept them from leaving.

What kept people from attempting to escape slavery?

10) Where did Frederick Douglass flee to?

11) Why did Frederick Douglass not trust anyone after he was free?

12) When Mr. Ruggles asks Frederick Douglass where he wants to go, what does Frederick say?

13) What is the name of Frederick Douglass' wife?

14) Frederick Douglass explained that "I gave Mr. Johnson the privilege of choosing me a name, but told him he must not take from me the name of 'Frederick.' I must hold on to that, to preserve a sense of my identity."

What did "preserve" mean?

15) Frederick Douglass compared the people that lived in New Bedford with the people he saw in Maryland. Which three words described the people that Frederick Douglass saw in New Bedford?

16) What did Frederick Douglass read that described the anti–slavery cause?

17) Where did Frederick Douglass give his first public anti–slavery speech?

18) Frederick Douglass wrote many other books and speeches, and many people have written about his life and times.

What else would you like to learn about Frederick Douglass?

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Appendix, page 1

Table of Contents

I find, since reading over the foregoing Narrative, that I have, in several instances, spoken in such a tone and manner, respecting religion, as may possibly lead those unacquainted with my religious views to suppose me an opponent of all religion. To remove the liability of such misapprehension, I deem it proper to append the following brief explanation. What I have said respecting and against religion, I mean strictly to apply to the slaveholding religion of this land, and with no possible reference to Christianity proper; for, between the Christianity of this land, and the Christianity of Christ, I recognize the widest possible difference––so wide, that to receive the one as good, pure, and holy, is of necessity to reject the other as bad, corrupt, and wicked. To be the friend of the one, is of necessity to be the enemy of the other. I love the pure, peaceable, and impartial Christianity of Christ: I therefore hate the corrupt, slaveholding, women–whipping, cradle–plundering, partial and hypocritical Christianity of this land. Indeed, I can see no reason, but the most deceitful one, for calling the religion of this land Christianity. I look upon it as the climax of all misnomers, the boldest of all frauds, and the grossest of all libels. Never was there a clearer case of "stealing the livery of the court of heaven to serve the devil in." I am filled with unutterable loathing when I contemplate the religious pomp and show, together with the horrible inconsistencies, which every where surround me. We have men–stealers for ministers, women–whippers for missionaries, and cradle–plunderers for church members. The man who wields the blood–clotted cowskin during the week fills the pulpit on Sunday, and claims to be a minister of the meek and lowly Jesus. The man who robs me of my earnings at the end of each week meets me as a class–leader on Sunday morning, to show me the way of life, and the path of salvation. He who sells my sister, for purposes of prostitution, stands forth as the pious advocate of purity. He who proclaims it a religious duty to read the Bible denies me the right of learning to read the name of the God who made me. He who is the religious advocate of marriage robs whole millions of its sacred influence, and leaves them to the ravages of wholesale pollution. The warm defender of the sacredness of the family relation is the same that scatters whole families,––sundering husbands and wives, parents and children, sisters and brothers,––leaving the hut vacant, and the hearth desolate. We see the thief preaching against theft, and the adulterer against adultery. We have men sold to build churches, women sold to support the gospel, and babes sold to purchase Bibles for the Poor Heathen! All For The Glory Of God And The Good Of Souls! The slave auctioneer's bell and the church–going bell chime in with each other, and the bitter cries of the heart–broken slave are drowned in the religious shouts of his pious master. Revivals of religion and revivals in the slave–trade go hand in hand together. The slave prison and the church stand near each other. The clanking of fetters and the rattling of chains in the prison, and the pious psalm and solemn prayer in the church, may be heard at the same time. The dealers in the bodies and souls of men erect their stand in the presence of the pulpit, and they mutually help each other. The dealer gives his blood–stained gold to support the pulpit, and the pulpit, in return, covers his infernal business with the garb of Christianity. Here we have religion and robbery the allies of each other––devils dressed in angels' robes, and hell presenting the semblance of paradise.

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Appendix, page 2

Table of Contents

"Just God! and these are they,
Who minister at thine altar, God of right!
Men who their hands, with prayer and blessing, lay
On Israel's ark of light.

"What! preach, and kidnap men?
Give thanks, and rob thy own afflicted poor?
Talk of thy glorious liberty, and then
Bolt hard the captive's door?

"What! servants of thy own
Merciful Son, who came to seek and save
The homeless and the outcast, fettering down
The tasked and plundered slave!

"Pilate and Herod friends!
Chief priests and rulers, as of old, combine!
Just God and holy! is that church which lends
Strength to the spoiler thine?"

The Christianity of America is a Christianity, of whose votaries it may be as truly said, as it was of the ancient scribes and Pharisees, "They bind heavy burdens, and grievous to be borne, and lay them on men's shoulders, but they themselves will not move them with one of their fingers. All their works they do for to be seen of men.––They love the uppermost rooms at feasts, and the chief seats in the synagogues, . . . . . . and to be called of men, Rabbi, Rabbi.––But woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye shut up the kingdom of heaven against men; for ye neither go in yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering to go in. Ye devour widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayers; therefore ye shall receive the greater damnation. Ye compass sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, ye make him twofold more the child of hell than yourselves.––Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye pay tithe of mint, and anise, and cumin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith; these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone. Ye blind guides! which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel. Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter; but within, they are full of extortion and excess.––Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness. Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.

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Appendix, page 3

Table of Contents

Dark and terrible as is this picture, I hold it to be strictly true of the overwhelming mass of professed Christians in America. They strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel. Could any thing be more true of our churches? They would be shocked at the proposition of fellowshipping a sheep–stealer; and at the same time they hug to their communion a man–stealer, and brand me with being an infidel, if I find fault with them for it. They attend with Pharisaical strictness to the outward forms of religion, and at the same time neglect the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith. They are always ready to sacrifice, but seldom to show mercy. They are they who are represented as professing to love God whom they have not seen, whilst they hate their brother whom they have seen. They love the heathen on the other side of the globe. They can pray for him, pay money to have the Bible put into his hand, and missionaries to instruct him; while they despise and totally neglect the heathen at their own doors.

Such is, very briefly, my view of the religion of this land; and to avoid any misunderstanding, growing out of the use of general terms, I mean by the religion of this land, that which is revealed in the words, deeds, and actions, of those bodies, north and south, calling themselves Christian churches, and yet in union with slaveholders. It is against religion, as presented by these bodies, that I have felt it my duty to testify.

I conclude these remarks by copying the following portrait of the religion of the south, (which is, by communion and fellowship, the religion of the north,) which I soberly affirm is "true to the life," and without caricature or the slightest exaggeration. It is said to have been drawn, several years before the present anti–slavery agitation began, by a northern Methodist preacher, who, while residing at the south, had an opportunity to see slaveholding morals, manners, and piety, with his own eyes. "Shall I not visit for these things? saith the Lord. Shall not my soul be avenged on such a nation as this?"

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Question #2

In the quote below, what is Frederick Douglass comparing to swallowing a camel?

"They strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel. Could any thing be more true of our churches? They would be shocked at the proposition of fellowshipping a sheep–stealer; and at the same time they hug to their communion a man–stealer, and brand me with being an infidel…"





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Question #3

The first sentence of the Appendix reads:

"I find, since reading over the foregoing Narrative, that I have, in several instances, spoken in such a tone and manner, respecting religion, as may possibly lead those unacquainted with my religious views to suppose me an opponent of all religion."

What is another word for "instances" in this context?





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Question #4

In the same quote as the last question (copied below), what does "several" mean?

"I find, since reading over the foregoing Narrative, that I have, in several instances, spoken in such a tone and manner, respecting religion, as may possibly lead those unacquainted with my religious views to suppose me an opponent of all religion."