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Question #5

The author references instincts throughout this chapter as something both wolves possess in regard to caring for their young.

Which phrase from the chapter best helps the reader determine the meaning of "instinct"?





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Question #7

The author ends the chapter with, "and the time was to come when the she–wolf, for her grey cub's sake, would venture the left fork, and the lair in the rocks, and the lynx's wrath."

What is the author's most likely purpose in providing this information?





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Part II– Chapter 5: The Law of Meat, page 4

Table of Contents

He began to accompany his mother on the meat–trail, and he saw much of the killing of meat and began to play his part in it. And in his own dim way he learned the law of meat. There were two kinds of life––his own kind and the other kind. His own kind included his mother and himself. The other kind included all live things that moved. But the other kind was divided. One portion was what his own kind killed and ate. This portion was composed of the non–killers and the small killers. The other portion killed and ate his own kind, or was killed and eaten by his own kind. And out of this classification arose the law. The aim of life was meat. Life itself was meat. Life lived on life. There were the eaters and the eaten. The law was: EAT OR BE EATEN. He did not formulate the law in clear, set terms and moralise about it. He did not even think the law; he merely lived the law without thinking about it at all.

He saw the law operating around him on every side. He had eaten the ptarmigan chicks. The hawk had eaten the ptarmigan–mother. The hawk would also have eaten him. Later, when he had grown more formidable, he wanted to eat the hawk. He had eaten the lynx kitten. The lynx–mother would have eaten him had she not herself been killed and eaten. And so it went. The law was being lived about him by all live things, and he himself was part and parcel of the law. He was a killer. His only food was meat, live meat, that ran away swiftly before him, or flew into the air, or climbed trees, or hid in the ground, or faced him and fought with him, or turned the tables and ran after him.

Had the cub thought in man–fashion, he might have epitomised life as a voracious appetite and the world as a place wherein ranged a multitude of appetites, pursuing and being pursued, hunting and being hunted, eating and being eaten, all in blindness and confusion, with violence and disorder, a chaos of gluttony and slaughter, ruled over by chance, merciless, planless, endless.

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Part II– Chapter 1: The Battle of the Fangs, page 3

Table of Contents

There came a day, in this land of plenty, when the wolf–pack split in half and went in different directions. The she–wolf, the young leader on her left, and the one–eyed elder on her right, led their half of the pack down to the Mackenzie River and across into the lake country to the east. Each day this remnant of the pack dwindled. Two by two, male and female, the wolves were deserting. Occasionally a solitary male was driven out by the sharp teeth of his rivals. In the end there remained only four: the she–wolf, the young leader, the one–eyed one, and the ambitious three– year–old.

The she–wolf had by now developed a ferocious temper. Her three suitors all bore the marks of her teeth. Yet they never replied in kind, never defended themselves against her. They turned their shoulders to her most savage slashes, and with wagging tails and mincing steps strove to placate her wrath. But if they were all mildness toward her, they were all fierceness toward one another. The three–year–old grew too ambitious in his fierceness. He caught the one–eyed elder on his blind side and ripped his ear into ribbons. Though the grizzled old fellow could see only on one side, against the youth and vigour of the other he brought into play the wisdom of long years of experience. His lost eye and his scarred muzzle bore evidence to the nature of his experience. He had survived too many battles to be in doubt for a moment about what to do.

The battle began fairly, but it did not end fairly. There was no telling what the outcome would have been, for the third wolf joined the elder, and together, old leader and young leader, they attacked the ambitious three–year–old and proceeded to destroy him. He was beset on either side by the merciless fangs of his erstwhile comrades. Forgotten were the days they had hunted together, the game they had pulled down, the famine they had suffered. That business was a thing of the past. The business of love was at hand––ever a sterner and crueller business than that of food–getting.

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Question #2

What two things have previously kept the cub from venturing outside the cave?

He had not been attracted by the light before.

He was obeying the rules set forth by his mother.

He was being controlled by his fear of the unknown.

He wanted to stay inside and play with his siblings.

He was not steady enough on his feet to walk that far.

He had not been hungry enough before to take a chance.