Phil Libin, cofounder and former CEO of Evernote,
once said there are “lots of bad reasons to start a company. But
there’s only one good, legitimate reason . . . it’s to change the
world.”1
Evernote is an example of an entrepreneurial startup. Its goal is to
make our lives more organized and increase our personal memory abilities
by storing necessary and desired information on the Evernote app.
Evernote is designed to capture information through note taking
(including pictures, web pages, drawings, and even audio), track and
organize this material, and then save and archive the information.
Evernote Corporation describes itself as “not only an organization,
rather it is a family of professionals who are creative, innovative and
experienced in their respective fields.”2
Around the globe, individuals, communities, and
organizations advocate for and support the entrepreneurship movement.
Many colleges and universities offer courses, degrees, and competitions
for entrepreneurship teams. Communities provide support through services
such as incubators that foster planning and startup activities.
Organizations like UNESCO’s Global Action Programme on Education for Sustainable Development holds a Youth Entrepreneurship Competition annually.3 That is where student Chloe Huang, in 2017, submitted her idea for an algae energy pavilion
to the Education for Sustainable Development competition. Huang
recognized the problem of lakes suffering from oversaturation of algae
and saw a solution in converting the algae into a biofuel, creating
green energy while alleviating an environmental problem.4
In the examples of both Libin and Huang, the
entrepreneurial products focus on the use of technology and improving
life, but they also represent two vastly different approaches to
entrepreneurship. Libin’s focus was on improving quality of life by
allowing users to track and organize information in their business and
personal lives, whereas Huang focused on a global environmental issue to
sustainably improve water quality. Each idea solves a problem that many
people might not even have noticed. Becoming aware of problems that
need to be solved, then solving the problem to make our lives easier or
better, is part of the entrepreneurial perspective.
Footnotes
1 Robin Wauters. “Evernote CEO Phil Libin: ‘My Advice to Aspiring Entrepreneurs? Don’t Do It.’” The Next Web.
April 27, 2012.
https://thenextweb.com/video/2012/04/27/evernote-ceo-phil-libin-my-advice-to-aspiring-entrepreneurs-dont-do-it-video/
2 “Evernote SuccessStory.” SuccessStory. June 24, 2018. https://successstory.com/products/evernote
3 UNESCO. “Global Action Programme on Education for Sustainable Development.” n.d. https://en.unesco.org/gap
4 Chloe Huang. “Algae Energy Pavilion.” Entrepreneurship Campus. August 1, 2017. https://www.entrepreneurship-campus.org/ideas/14/7404/
In a triangle with angles and opposite sides shown below, the ratio of the the angle to the length of its opposite side will be equal to the other two ratios of angle measure to opposite side. All proportions will be equal. The Law of Sines is based on proportions and written as:
Simply put, the ratio of the sine of an angle and the length of the opposite side is equal for each pair in the triangle. We use greek letters for the angle measures. If this is confusing just use capital letters when writing down the rule above and this triangle.
Example 1: Solving for Two Unknown Sides
The three angles must add up to 180 degrees. From this, we can determine that
Now we can put the information into these relationships:
Then, you can solve them two at a time:
Then, multiply by 10b
Then, you can solve the last ratio:
Then, multiply by 10c
Checking your answer quickly: The shortest side should be opposite the smallest angle. The longest side should be opposite the largest angle. You can quickly check each answer to make sure you get all the points.
Application: Two radar towers are used to locate a plane. How far is distance a?
Solution:
To find the elevation of the aircraft, we first find the distance from one station to the aircraft, such as the side𝑎, and then use right triangle relationships to find the height of the aircraft,ℎ .
Because the angles in the
triangle add up to 180 degrees, the unknown angle must be
180°−15°−35°=130°. This angle is opposite the side of length 20,
allowing us to set up a Law of Sines relationship.
Any triangle that is not a right triangle is an oblique triangle. Solving an oblique triangle means finding the measurements of all three angles and all three sides. To do so, we need to start with at least three of these values, including at least one of the sides. We will investigate three possible oblique triangle problem situations:
ASA (angle-side-angle) We know the measurements of two angles and the included side. See Figure 2.
Figure 2
AAS (angle-angle-side) We know the measurements of two angles and a side that is not between the known angles. See Figure 3.
Figure 3
SSA (side-side-angle) We know the measurements of two sides and an angle that is not between the known sides. See Figure 4.
Figure 4
Knowing how to approach each of
these situations enables us to solve oblique triangles without having to
drop a perpendicular to form two right triangles. Instead, we can use
the fact that the ratio of the measurement of one of the angles to the
length of its opposite side will be equal to the other two ratios of
angle measure to opposite side. Let’s see how this statement is derived
by considering the triangle shown in Figure 5.
Interactive questions that target skills based feedback like this Question Set
Watson’s Free Chatbot Interface
This Banking Example chatbot is an industry standard. It shows how these interactions can take standardized communications between two people and make it a natural conversation between a person and a computer. This could be important for many reasons! Now people can do banking any time of day or night. The company can make sure each person gets the same experience. And, the company can hire more programmers to make more technologies.
Machine Learning
For interactive websites to be useful they need to learn from users. User eXperience (UX) testers and computer algorithms both contribute to making user interactions as easy as possible. When computers “learn” they update their rules to better accomplish a task. The AI for Oceans interactive shows this training process and so does the Watson tutorials discussed above. Here are two videos that give an overview of Machine Learning (commonly called “ML”). By the time you finish watching them be sure you can define Machine Learning and give an example that will teach someone else about Machine Learning.
Today we bought a lot of juice because they were on sale. The sign said 1/3 off
I broke a bar that was one yard long into three equal lengths. Then, I broke each bar into 4 smaller pieces so there were 12 total pieces. How long are four pieces?
You write things like 2 + 3 = 5 because you solved 2 + 3 and the answer was 5. You will use the equal sign in both directions to solve problems in math.
If you know that 2 + 3 = 5, then you can solve x + 3 = 5 (x = 2!).
If you know that 2 + 3 = 5, then you can also solve 2 + x = 5 by subtracting 2 from both sides. Then, x = 3.
Doing things to both sides. The equals sign says that both sides of the equation have the same value. If that is true, then you should treat both sides the same so the equality remains. We like to joke that you give the same presents
My name is Imad. I have recently got a baby Holland Lop bunny, her name is Athena. I can read her body language. For example, when I see the white part of her eye she is scared. When I don’t see the white part of her eye, she is calm. When her feet are slightly up do not get near because she might kick you which may hurt badly. Claws are for digging, cleaning, and climbing. Give them baths every four months. or they will get sick. WRITTEN BY IMAD IN FOURTH GRADE.
NASA shows a galaxy, and the Solar Systems and planets that surround it.
One of the galaxies you may know is the Milky Way. Everything in galaxies is held together by gravity. The Milky Way Galaxy has a black hole in the middle. On the outside there are starts swirling around. Also the solar system is swirling around, and the Earth is in the solar system. That means you are swirling around too when you are not knowing it. You can also see the Milky Way galaxy if you don’t believe me. Go to a Californian desert, look for a dust band. Here is a picture of one.
The Milky Way is at the top of the picture from NASA.
General Dwight D. Eisenhower gave the final order that put the vast D-day operation in motion on June 5, 1944, after a break in the stormy weather was predicted for the next day. Following his decision, Eisenhower dashed off this note, in case the Allied invasion of Europe on D-Day (June 6th) failed. In the statement, he praised the men under his command and claimed that any fault or failure “is mine alone.” The only apparent hint of nerves on his part is his error in dating the note “July 5” instead of June 5.
Transcript of note (picture on the right):
Our landings in the Cherbourg-Havre area have failed to gain a satisfactory foothold and I have withdrawn the troops. My decision to attack at this time and place was based upon the best information available. The troops, the air and the Navy did all that Bravery and devotion to duty could do. If any blame or fault attaches to the attempt it is mine alone.
The original letter written by General Eisenhower in case the invasion was unsuccessful (transcript above).
Actual message from General Eisenhower (courtesy of National Archives).
Transcript of Eisenhower’s Message (figure on the right):
SUPREME HEADQUARTERS ALLIED EXPEDITIONARY FORCE
Soldiers, Sailors, and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force!
You
are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have
striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hope
and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you. In
company with our brave Allies and brothers-in-arms on other Fronts, you
will bring about the destruction of the German war machine, the
elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of Europe, and
security for ourselves in a free world.
Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is will trained, well equipped and battle-hardened. He will fight savagely.
But
this is the year 1944! Much has happened since the Nazi triumphs of
1940-41. The United Nations have inflicted upon the Germans great
defeats, in open battle, man-to-man. Our air offensive has seriously
reduced their strength in the air and their capacity to wage war on the
ground. Our Home Fronts have given us an overwhelming superiority in
weapons and munitions of war, and placed at our disposal great reserves
of trained fighting men. The tide has turned! The free men of the world
are marching together to Victory!
I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than full Victory!
Good luck! And let us beseech the blessing of Almighty God upon this great and noble undertaking.
[signature]
Citations:
“In Case of Failure” Message Drafted by General Dwight Eisenhower in Case the D-Day Invasion Failed; 6/5/1944; Principal Files, 1916 – 1952; Collection DDE-EPRE: Eisenhower, Dwight D: Papers, Pre-Presidential; Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, KS. [Online Version, https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/in-case-of-failure, January 18, 2020]
D-Day Statement to Soldiers, Sailors, and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force; 6/1944; Principal Files, 1916 – 1952; Collection DDE-EPRE: Eisenhower, Dwight D: Papers, Pre-Presidential; Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, KS. [Online Version, https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/dday-statement, January 18, 2020]
This statement from General Dwight D. Eisenhower encouraged Allied soldiers, sailors, and airmen taking part in the D-day invasion. It was handed to Allied troops stepping onto their transports on the eve of the cross-channel assault into Normandy. As Commander of the Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, Eisenhower provided hope for those about to liberate the European continent from Nazi tyranny.
Actual message from General Eisenhower (courtesy of National Archives).
Against a tense backdrop of uncertain weather forecasts, disagreements in strategy, and related timing dilemmas predicated on the need for optimal tidal conditions, Eisenhower decided before dawn on June 5 to proceed with Overlord. Later that same afternoon, he scribbled a note intended for release, accepting responsibility for the decision to launch the invasion and full blame, should the effort to create a beachhead on the Normandy coast fail.
Much more polished is this printed Order of the Day for June 6, 1944, which Eisenhower began drafting in February. The order was distributed to the 175,000-member expeditionary force on the eve of the invasion.
Transcript of Eisenhower’s Message
SUPREME HEADQUARTERS ALLIED EXPEDITIONARY FORCE
Soldiers, Sailors, and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force!
You
are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have
striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hope
and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you. In
company with our brave Allies and brothers-in-arms on other Fronts, you
will bring about the destruction of the German war machine, the
elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of Europe, and
security for ourselves in a free world.
Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is will trained, well equipped and battle-hardened. He will fight savagely.
But
this is the year 1944! Much has happened since the Nazi triumphs of
1940-41. The United Nations have inflicted upon the Germans great
defeats, in open battle, man-to-man. Our air offensive has seriously
reduced their strength in the air and their capacity to wage war on the
ground. Our Home Fronts have given us an overwhelming superiority in
weapons and munitions of war, and placed at our disposal great reserves
of trained fighting men. The tide has turned! The free men of the world
are marching together to Victory!
I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than full Victory!
Good luck! And let us beseech the blessing of Almighty God upon this great and noble undertaking.
[signature]
Citation: D-Day Statement to Soldiers, Sailors, and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force; 6/1944; Principal Files, 1916 – 1952; Collection DDE-EPRE: Eisenhower, Dwight D: Papers, Pre-Presidential; Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, KS. [Online Version, https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/dday-statement, January 18, 2020]
Franklin Roosevelt entered World War II with an
eye toward a new postwar world, one where the United States would
succeed Britain as the leader of Western capitalist democracies,
replacing the old British imperial system with one based on free trade
and decolonization. The goals of the Atlantic Charter had explicitly
included self-determination, self-government, and free trade. In 1941,
although Roosevelt had yet to meet Soviet premier Joseph Stalin, he had
confidence that he could forge a positive relationship with him, a
confidence that Churchill believed was born of naiveté. These allied
leaders, known as the Big Three, thrown together by the necessity to defeat common enemies, took steps towards working in concert despite their differences.
Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt met together multiple times during the war. One such conference was located in Casablanca, Morocco, in January 1943.
Through a series of wartime conferences, Roosevelt and the other global leaders sought to come up with a strategy to both defeat the Germans and bolster relationships among allies. In January 1943, at Casablanca, Morocco, Churchill convinced Roosevelt to delay an invasion of France in favor of an invasion of Sicily. It was also at this conference that Roosevelt enunciated the doctrine of “unconditional surrender.” Roosevelt agreed to demand an unconditional surrender from Germany and Japan to assure the Soviet Union that the United States would not negotiate a separate peace between the two belligerent states. He wanted a permanent transformation of Germany and Japan after the war. Roosevelt thought that announcing this as a specific war aim would discourage any nation or leader from seeking any negotiated armistice that would hinder efforts to reform and transform the defeated nations. Stalin, who was not at the conference, affirmed the concept of unconditional surrender when asked to do so. However, he was dismayed over the delay in establishing a “second front” along which the Americans and British would directly engage German forces in western Europe. A western front, brought about through an invasion across the English Channel, which Stalin had been demanding since 1941, offered the best means of drawing Germany away from the east. At a meeting in Tehran, Iran, also in November 1943, Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin met to finalize plans for a cross-channel invasion.
THE INVASION OF EUROPE
Preparing to engage the Nazis in Europe, the
United States landed in North Africa in 1942. The Axis campaigns in
North Africa had begun when Italy declared war on England in June 1940,
and British forces had invaded the Italian colony of Libya. The Italians
had responded with a counteroffensive that penetrated into Egypt, only
to be defeated by the British again. In response, Hitler dispatched the
Afrika Korps under General Erwin Rommel, and the outcome of the
situation was in doubt until shortly before American forces joined the
British.
Although the Allied campaign secured control of
the southern Mediterranean and preserved Egypt and the Suez Canal for
the British, Stalin and the Soviets were still engaging hundreds of
German divisions in bitter struggles at Stalingrad and Leningrad. The
invasion of North Africa did nothing to draw German troops away from the
Soviet Union. An invasion of Europe by way of Italy, which is what the
British and American campaign in North Africa laid the ground for,
pulled a few German divisions away from their Russian targets. But while
Stalin urged his allies to invade France, British and American troops
pursued the defeat of Mussolini’s Italy. This choice greatly frustrated
Stalin, who felt that British interests were taking precedence over the
agony that the Soviet Union was enduring at the hands of the invading
German army. However, Churchill saw Italy as the vulnerable underbelly
of Europe and believed that Italian support for Mussolini was waning,
suggesting that victory there might be relatively easy. Moreover,
Churchill pointed out that if Italy were taken out of the war, then the
Allies would control the Mediterranean, offering the Allies easier
shipping access to both the Soviet Union and the British Far Eastern
colonies.
D-Day
U.S. troops in a military landing craft approach the beach code-named “Omaha” on June 6, 1944. More than ten thousand soldiers were killed or wounded during the D-day assault along the coast of Normandy, France.
A direct assault on Nazi Germany’s “Fortress Europe” was still necessary for final victory. On June 6, 1944, the second front became a reality when Allied forces stormed the beaches of northern France on D-day. Beginning at 6:30 a.m., some twenty-four thousand British, Canadian, and American troops waded ashore along a fifty-mile piece of the Normandy coast (Figure 27.16). Well over a million troops would follow their lead. German forces on the hills and cliffs above shot at them, and once they reached the beach, they encountered barbed wire and land mines. More than ten thousand Allied soldiers were wounded or killed during the assault. Following the establishment of beachheads at Normandy, it took months of difficult fighting before Paris was liberated on August 20, 1944. The invasion did succeed in diverting German forces from the eastern front to the western front, relieving some of the pressure on Stalin’s troops. By that time, however, Russian forces had already defeated the German army at Stalingrad, an event that many consider the turning point of the war in Europe, and begun to push the Germans out of the Soviet Union.
Nazi Germany was not ready to surrender, however. On December 16, in a surprise move, the Germans threw nearly a quarter-million men at the Western Allies in an attempt to divide their armies and encircle major elements of the American forces. The struggle, known as the Battle of the Bulge, raged until the end of January. Some ninety thousand Americans were killed, wounded, or lost in action. Nevertheless, the Germans were turned back, and Hitler’s forces were so spent that they could never again mount offensive operations.
\Largeasin(130\degree)=20sin(35\degree)[\latex]
